Book Review Pure Desire Essay Example

Book Review: Pure Desire Paper Is related to pornography; worldwide annual revenues exceed $97 billion. Every second $3,075. 64 is spent on pornography. Every second 28,258 Internet users are viewing pornography. Every second 372 Internet users are typing adult search terms into search engines. Every 39 minutes: a new pornographic video is created in the United States. As Unrig says, ?Sex sells?! 2. Each day we are bombarded with immoral sexuality from a myriad of sources ? he television, the radio, music, movies, commercial ads, dating sites, magazines, books, billboards, and the list goes on and on. It seems that there Is nearly no place safe for the mind or the eye to focus. Certainly, this endless barrage of immorality can take a toll on our walk with Christ. To this end Unrig postures, : we live in a sex-saturated, self-gratifying society? and makes an interesting comparison between predictability of California wildfires in the summers. Like fire, sex has the power to harm, but was not Intended that way. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review: Pure Desire specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review: Pure Desire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review: Pure Desire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both In their original God-given opacity provide very healthy and needed elements for mankind, but when allowed to seep beyond their intended boundaries they become incredibly destructive forces. In today?was world, God?was great gift of sex has assuredly been tainted and has become the devouring force Unrig speaks of; still Christians must strive to understand the goodness of the gift and find a place of moral sanity. I loved Unrig?was use of analogy between fire and sex. With each there are good and bad 1 Family Safe Media. Pornography Statistics _ Retrieved from http familiarized. Com/pornography_statistics. HTML#time. Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 12. 3 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity In a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 13. Usages, good and bad outcomes, even good and bad projections onto future generations. No one wakes up in the morning and says ?l?wad lik e for my house to burn to the ground today? and no one wakes up and says ?cell?wad like to become a fornicator today?0 or ?l?wall become a sex fiend and be addicted to Ron?: lets what l?wave always wanted to do with my life. ?D Still the makings of such are everywhere. Reading the book makes one more aware of our sex- saturated state. The lines drawn between the standards of our culture and that of Christianity use to be quite clear. It functioned nearly like the blood-brain barrier of the human body designed to protect the body?was control center at all cost, rejecting foreign agents and keeping impurities at bay. Somehow, the devil has gotten us (Christians) to buy into the decline in moral convictions. Unrig says, : Christian sexual and moral values are under attack?o and I totally agree. As 1 KICK around; we are seeing evidence AT tons clean In people younger and younger. The other day I was looking at a children?was movie with my granddaughters and began to make note of Just how many things in the movie had sexual overtones and again Energies book came to mind. This was an animated movie that was ?created G?0. Further evidence of the validity of Unrig?was argument can be found in the recent revelation of President Obama?was endorsement of gay marriages. As bad as this all seems, Unrig says the problem is much deeper. It is not a matter of right and wrong, nor a matter of good vs.. Bad, nor even a matter of avoiding sin. Rather than avoidance of that which is wrong, this is a matter of pursuing what is right. This book does not simply scold us as children who are too enticed to resist the candy in a candy store, Unrig challenges us to go deeper into who we really are and make decisions to stop failing at avoidance and the transforming task of actively pursuing holiness. 4 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 17. Being divorced as a result of my husband?was repeated infidelity and tendencies toward domestic violence, Einstein?was letter to his poor wife was of particular fascination to me. Of course my husband made no such demands, but as he was a pastor, I found myself having something in common with Millie. I wanted my marriage to work, so I did find myself trying to protect the church, and keep the peace in my family. Much like Einstein, my marriage disintegrated and my husband married his mistress, only to end up divorced from her soon after as well. Honestly, t that point in my life it felt I was in the storm or all storms. To my surprise, getting out of the relationship presented a brand new set of dilemmas and learning to live single again was Just as stormy. The ?expected storm?0 is strange meteorological concept, but it well portrays where we are as a culture and Unrig points out that our present day storm includes a 50 percent decline in marriages well divorce rates are climbing; soaring numbers of couples are deciding to cohabitate; children born to unwed mothers has Jumped to 37. 4 percent; the redefinition of marriage and legalization of homosexual marriage ND technological catapulting of use of pornography. After my divorce I found myself somewhere in this storm and it was extremely hard to tell myself that I could not physically do what I had Just lawfully and spiritually been fine doing Just days before. It took some time to face the reality of the Christian dilemma I was in. I do not know that it would have made everything better right away, but I do wish I had had this book way back then. During some counseling and even in one of my other classes, I mentioned some of the content of Pure Desire and in every case people have left skiing how they can get a copy. When I speak of Pure Desire, I emphasized thing that got me hooked right off the back. It is Energies ?coffee the script?0 approach. Unrig changes the game and makes it easier to approach what is basically a huge part of the sanctification process. Most adults and young adults will quickly admit that sexual sin is their largest struggle in the Christian life. We struggle with scriptural mandates like ?sebaceous it is written, Be ye holy; for I am holy?0 (Level. 20:26; I Pet. 1:16) and ?CE present your Doodles a living secretly, only, accept tale unto Go The truth is we wrestle constantly with the impure desire of the flesh and try as we might many of us are equally constant in losing the battle. I feel it is this repeated defeat that prompts Unrig to tell readers that the real focus should not be avoidance of sexual sin, but the pursuit of holiness for our own good and the glory of God. This thought makes the words of Romans 8:13 ring in my mind, ?coffer if ye live after the flesh, ye shall die: but if ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live?0. As much as sexual sin is wrong among the unmarried, sexuality is not altogether ring. God created man for woman and created sexual intimacy as a good thing. Through stories and great imagery, Unrig paints vivid mental pictures of the perfection God intended for sexuality within the bounds of marriage, but he paints images Just as dynamic of paradise lost. Starting with Adam and Eve (Gene. 3) Unrig recounts the temptation of the first couple and strategies used against them in the original sin and points out that the same strategies have been working ever since. In Energies comments about what was lost in the first sin, he introduced a view that I have never heard. Some people actually suggest that sexual intercourse was part of the original sin, but this is far from true, however their act of sin did change their sexuality. Of Adam and Eve and God?was original design, I think Unrig said one of the most beautiful things I have ever read, ?cachet two move together in dignity, harmony, and holy physicality, marvelously completing and complementing one another?05. It makes you long for that kind of perfection in your own marital 5 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex- Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 2 relationships, but sadly, that devil desires to turn our minds and hearts toward our own personal pleasures instead of waiting on God to give us the things we desire. Presently, I am also studying Sanctification and Phenomenology and one thing that really stood out as I read this book was that Energies views and approach to the pursuit of holiness stands in line with what should be our desire as we as Christians understand the process of sanctification better. Yes it is a process, but God wants every part of our lives to line up with His will for us; this is assuredly inclusive of our dies. His desire is that we approach holiness from the inside out. Unrig emphasizes that the Bible is radically ?cooper-body?o ? ?occur bodies matter to the Lord?06. The Spirit of God indwells us and anything that we do which is immoral; we take that Spirit of God with us into. Thinking of that is quite profound and saddening really, Just as I have learned in Phenomenology, our bodies are the temple of God. It is the place where God has chosen to place a special holiness that sets us apart. Unrig makes very clear that it does not matter if our body is strong or rail, if we are saved, the Spirit of God has taken up residence within us and we are responsible for how we carry and treat our bodies. Energies reasoning at times makes me think of the huge campaign against drugs ? Just Say NO! This campaign seemed great at first and the slogan was very catchy, but it lacked something. Telling young people (or old ones for that matter) to say no was good, but not enough. We had to give them something to say yes to. In this writing Unrig took the time to explain why we need to say no, when we need to say no, want snouts give us ten strength to say no, Ana very Importantly when It Is relent to ay yes. I felt this was great because as he said, the church and Christianity can come across as ?secant-body?o. We give sex and the body a bad name 6 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 80 at times. I think we are so afraid that our children will run and try it if we make sex sound good or make the body sound fun. That has always puzzled me. As Unrig instructs, ?chew need a compelling purpose for our sexual standard ? to pursue and promote God?was glory?07. What I really admire about this book is that Unrig actually talks about how God purposely designed us for sexual pleasure. It is a divine gift that we need to understand and appreciate. This gift should be respected because of the giver and its cost. We have to begin to put His purpose and purchase above our own pleasures. Unrig tells us that we come for this new age where everyone wants to have their way, pleasures of all sorts are Just a click away, but the Bible tells us differently. ?coffer ye are bought with a price: therefore glorify God in your body, and in your spirit, which are Gods?0 (l Cord. 6:20). As Christians we stand n utter conflict with our world but we must achieve a level of double vision that allows us to view both the cross and heaven and find ourselves consumed with the holiness of our God and a passion for His glory. What then of our purpose? ? Unrig says ?cote glorify God is to reveal His character, to display His importance, and to promote His reputation?08. In my view each of these reveal something about us as we reveal something about Him. Another thing that is empowering about Unrig?was argument is that he tells readers that we need to flee the temptations of this culture. That kind off nod to the ?essay NO! ?0 campaign too. Normally in our culture fleeing is cowardly or a sign of fear or inferiority, but Unrig tells us that fleeing for righteousness sack is not weakness, rather it is actually a sign of wisdom. He does 7 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 80 8 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex- Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. . 83 not Just tell us to flee if we are single, but he also tells us that there are things the married person should flee as well. Not amongst those things the married should flee are passion, commitment, fidelity, and (dare we say it) spirituality. Unrig lists quotes by the likes of Clement of Alexandria, Jerome, Augustine, Gregory the Great, and Thomas Aquinas all to the contrar y. It surprised me that such great men and biblical scholars had such bananas views of marriage and the valve of sex therein. In their day it was easy to reject sexuality, today in a very contra manner, it is easy to reject God?was will. In our world, ?cultural ideas trump biblical truth, we abuse and misuse God?was good gift?09. Unrig addressed such issue as celibacy by pointing out its values and clarifying Paul?was actual views on the matter, but at the same Unrig made sure that the reader knows the value of intimacy in the correct settings. Once in marriage sex should be a happily obliged duty for the partners. An unusual set of partner Unrig used in the book was that of C. S. Lewis and his wife; partners who really did not start off as partners at all, out It turned Into a great love story. Lawless writings are always fascinating to me, I love the way he words things. When speaking of partners happily bilging to sexuality as a duty within marriage Lewis?was words do not disappoint. He says, of he and his wife, that he and his wife ?suffocated on love; every mode of it?: No cranny of heart or body remained unsatisfied?:?010. It takes my mind to Hebrews 13:4, ?Cambridge is honorable in all, and the bed undefiled: but warmongers and adulterers God will Judge?0 (KAVA). ?smooth seas don?wet make skillful sailors?o, this African proverbs speaks volumes 1 . 9 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 010. P. 86 1 1 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 138. We live in morally difficult times and everything about our culture challenges who we say we are. James says, we should count it all Joy but it can be disturbing and disheartening so Unrig says we must not only know our enemy and how he works in our culture but we must understand our struggle. In leading the reader to a better understanding, Unrig points out an interesting distinction between trials and temptations. He says, trials suggests pain, while imitations promise pleasure. Trails are designed by God to refine and strengthen us; temptations seek out vulnerabilities in an effort to weaken us. For me that was a ? WOW! Energies discussion of this really changed my views and caused me to review my trials and temptations. It was like I hit rewind in my own mind and played things back for my own personal analysis. Having been single for quite some time, One Is a Whole Number had a certain appeal to me. I wrote a discussion on the subject of being single and homosexuality and how the church, of all people, tends to fuse the two together. It irritates me. I was very happy the Unrig spent time talking about Paul?was decision to remain single and that being Just as honorable as being married. I agree with Unrig, singleness is a huge, complex, and diverse segment of our society. I fall among the formerly married. I do not know if that is better or worse to have had a time of sexual freedom and have to turn it off or to have never married or had sexual encounters. Living single and staying single does not mean one is gay! Still gayness, is a subject I was glad to see Unrig address. I concur with Energies views on this. We do have to speak the truth about sin, but as Christians we do have a responsibility to speak that truth in the love of God. People do not respond well to harsh criticisms, hatefulness and/or homophobia. It turns people away from God and His people. This is inclusive of single people who are pressured to marry. 12 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 155. In our culture, men and women are no longer rushing to marry. They are establishing themselves professionally and fulfilling their own dreams instead of dating for someone else to do it for them. As quoted in the book, Stephanie Cocoon says, most people consider marriage ?cachet dessert?o of life?was meal not ?cachet main course?012. Interestingly, Unrig touch on the double standard that exists Detente women Delve 010 malls Wendell Decanters ay not surer ten same negative connotations or reputations. I know what Paul said to the Corinthians and I know it is useful to be single. It allows more time to serve God and to devote to the ministry, but what Unrig did not cover is the fact that church people do not make it easy for ingle people to live Holy when they should. I think that would make a great subject for his next project. God addressed marriage, singleness and homosexuality in His Word, and Unrig did a good Job of providing spiritual enlightenment of all. In this book, the reader clearly sees that the standards of the world seep into each and every one of those areas causing a steady deterioration of morals and Christian living. Unrig says the best answer or defense against this ungodly infiltration is the Word of God and early introduction (the earlier the better) is necessary. It takes me back to the children s movie I viewed with my granddaughters and how much sexuality was hidden in that film. In that instance I did not choose to stop and/or leave the movie, but in the future I believe I will. Unrig says, ?Cohen major social institutions in our society lack any moral compass to guide them, parents need special wisdom to find their way in one of life?was most significant responsibilities?:?013. Parents must be spiritually equipped and prepared to guide, teach, and protect children. I am normally a big protector, but in this, I think I failed to do what I should have done. It s an area that I think sneaks up on us because the devil slides it in an Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 173. Animated comedy. The book of Proverbs was always one of my grandmother?was (who raised me) favorite books. She used it for nearly every situation. Whether decisions, discipline, child rearing, what to say, how to say it ? it did not really matter. She planted herself in the wisdom of Proverbs. Unrig says, we will never be perfect, we will not necessarily know more than others, be smarter or more spiritual than the rest, but we must apply what we know with greater skill so that we live better lives. That is wisdom. We must apply wisdom to what we teach our children and how we live before them. Unrig gives ten principles for raising children in our society. Paramount in this process is getting a good understanding of sexuality for yourself (Provo. 4:7). I think part of that wisdom and understanding also includes Energies last subject matter. We have to know that hiding in the darkness of our sin (deeds or thoughts) only allows sin to dig deeper towards our core and further corrupt. We have to be wise enough to humble ourselves and repent. It is the way to restore our fellowship tit God.

Free Essays on Monosticism

Benedict of Nursia, who had power from 480 to 543 A.D, established the most enduring pattern of western monasticism. He wrote the Rule of Benedict, which was the monk’s law book to how to live. This rule told the monks what they could and could not do, and if they disobeyed they were subject to punishment. They had a strict lifestyle, but lived carefree of many of the world problems. It was a tough lifestyle and to be a monk, you had to be a highly motivated, truly dedicated follower of the Christ, as you will see in this paper. In Monasticism, like any other group, it had a ruler, or a superior. In this case he is known as the Abbot. He was superior to all, and was believed to be Christ’s representative. All of the monks in the monastery had to answer to him for anything they did. The Abbot, for example, was like a shepherd, and all of the monks were his sheep. This meant he had to watch out for them, and make sure they stayed on the right path. Another duty of the Abbot is if any conflict should arise, he must â€Å" Call in the brethren to take council †. What he does is gather the whole congregation together in the monastery, present the conflict to the men, get their advice, then make an educated guess on what should be done about it. That is how they take care of business. The monks were subjective to the Abbot. They had to do what he said. Concerning Obedience, the first grade of humility is obedience without delay. This, meaning when the Abbot tells you to do something, you don’t delay, you do it right away as if it was a divine command. They got this form of instruction from the Lord, who said, â€Å" As soon as he heard of me he obeyed me †. The sixth grade of humility is, a monk should be content with what he has, he must consider himself as a poor, and unworthy workman. Much like the sixth grade, the seventh grade of humility said that not only does he have to say he’s worthless, but he must truly... Free Essays on Monosticism Free Essays on Monosticism Benedict of Nursia, who had power from 480 to 543 A.D, established the most enduring pattern of western monasticism. He wrote the Rule of Benedict, which was the monk’s law book to how to live. This rule told the monks what they could and could not do, and if they disobeyed they were subject to punishment. They had a strict lifestyle, but lived carefree of many of the world problems. It was a tough lifestyle and to be a monk, you had to be a highly motivated, truly dedicated follower of the Christ, as you will see in this paper. In Monasticism, like any other group, it had a ruler, or a superior. In this case he is known as the Abbot. He was superior to all, and was believed to be Christ’s representative. All of the monks in the monastery had to answer to him for anything they did. The Abbot, for example, was like a shepherd, and all of the monks were his sheep. This meant he had to watch out for them, and make sure they stayed on the right path. Another duty of the Abbot is if any conflict should arise, he must â€Å" Call in the brethren to take council †. What he does is gather the whole congregation together in the monastery, present the conflict to the men, get their advice, then make an educated guess on what should be done about it. That is how they take care of business. The monks were subjective to the Abbot. They had to do what he said. Concerning Obedience, the first grade of humility is obedience without delay. This, meaning when the Abbot tells you to do something, you don’t delay, you do it right away as if it was a divine command. They got this form of instruction from the Lord, who said, â€Å" As soon as he heard of me he obeyed me †. The sixth grade of humility is, a monk should be content with what he has, he must consider himself as a poor, and unworthy workman. Much like the sixth grade, the seventh grade of humility said that not only does he have to say he’s worthless, but he must truly...

Economic Growth in Russia after the Collapse of the Soviet Union Essay

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SouthWest Airlines Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

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Industrial Revolution Essay Example for Free

Industrial Revolution Essay Industrial Revolution is regarded as a very important period in human development which occurred in the period towards the end of the 18th century stretching to the 19th century. Industrial revolution is said to have begun in the United Kingdom and later spread to other parts of the world including the rest of Europe, North America amongst other parts of the world. During this period there were major transformations in the agricultural sector, transportation, and manufacturing among other spheres of life. These changes were to have profound impacts on the social, economic, and cultural life of the people in Britain which was the cradle of the revolution. This paper shall examine the central ways in which the Industrial Revolution changed the western societies. Impacts of the Industrial Revolution The inception of the Revolution is regarded as a crucial turning point in the history of mankind as it led to alterations in virtually every aspect of life. The Revolution started towards the end of the 18th century when there was mechanization of the textile industry, emergence of new iron making skills, and an increase in the utilization of polished coal. There were improvements in the transport network which facilitated exchange of goods and services. Generally, a growth in various industries was witnessed and manual labor was replaced by mechanization which led to increased production . The textile industry was among the first to feel the impacts of the industrial revolution. The invention of the cotton gin in 1794 brought efficiency in separating of cotton seeds from fiber. The discovery of the sewing machine in 1846 further revolutionized the textile industry as the making of clothes moved from homes to industries. Apart from the impacts of the industrialization on the domestic industries, the revolution led to increased productivity in the farms due to mechanization of agriculture. With increased productivity in the farms, industries cropped up and individuals clustered in particular regions working in the industries or engaged in trade. This eventually led to the development of towns and cities . Advancement in technology during this period led to the growth of capitalism as the owners of the means of production grew richer. There was an increase in the economic growth which was due to the new technologies of the industrial revolution as seen in the doubling of the UK’s purchasing power and a rise in the total national income during the 19th to 20th century . The revolution also brought about changes in the country’s political structures in Britain as capitalists begun replacing the land owners of the agrarian period to become influential in the country’s economic and power structure. There were also alterations in the working conditions as factories provided the workers with poor working conditions. These included poor ventilations, overcrowding, child labor was on the rise, and individuals were poorly paid and worked under dangerous and unsafe environments . The laborers were paid less wages that led to development of slums since they could hardly afford decent housing. The workers were generally working under extreme conditions which forced the government of the day to pass legislations that would govern the interests of the workers. The workers also initiated efforts that resulted in the creation of trade unions which agitated for their interests . The Industrial Revolution also led to developments in the transport and communication sector. Several inventions led to the efficiency in this sector as road networks were improved, water transport boosted through the invention of steam engines, and communication made easier especially with the discovery of telegraphic machines. Railway transport was also developed and this eased the transport of bulk goods, products, and raw materials to the industries . Conclusion There is no doubt that industrial revolution was a defining moment in human history. There were great advancements and innovations that were aimed at making life more efficient at the same time increasing production. Though the revolution came up with its challenges, it remains to be a crucial part of human history as it totally revolutionized the world into a new order.

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Building Trust and Security in Web Services The yearning to componentize software development, where software is "assembled" like an automobile, where each component interacts with the other components in an unambiguous and streamlined fashion is very old and deep rooted. For, the most significant challenges in software development are maintaining and changing software pieces which perform redundant functions and integrating such components with one another. As the industry started to mature, significant research has taken place to find ways of architecting software components as building blocks that are seamlessly integrated, irrespective of where those components reside or how they are implemented. CORBA and COM arrived on the scene addressing these issues and providing a sound architecture for distributed computing. While these very interesting developments were going on, the Internet revolution took place simultaneously as more and more businesses started to register their presence on the web. E-business and e-commerce have seen tremendous growth in the past 7 years where major business functions are taking place through the medium of internet and some businesses are run entirely on the Internet. As a result more and more business software processes had to interact with their business counterparts over the Internet. The eventual convergence of these two paradigm shifts in the software development resulted in the birth of Web Servic es. Web Services are fundamental building blocks of software that are deployed in heterogeneous software and hardware platforms, that describe and publish their behavior to potential consumers (UDDI), based on a software contract (WSDL) interact with consumers by receiving and sending (XML) messages through a common protocol (SOAP). The scenario where a software component can dynamically detect, contract and utilize services provides a strong semantic connection to the web and may truly revolutionize the web. But the prospect of unprecedented inter-connectivity comes with huge challenges of security and raises serious questions on ethics and legalities. Some of the challenges are Security: How to prevent unauthorized access to critical information, code or a business process? Moreover the pertinent question is how to prevent misuse of critical information, code or a business process, gained by authorized access. Trust and Verification: What should be the parameters that enables establishing trust between a potential consumer and a provider? Even if 'trust' is established how can the consumer 'verify' the trust? Ownership and Responsibility: How to enforce ownership rights and accountability? When there is a software failure who owns up for it ?

How and why does order disintegrate on the island? Essay

On the island two leaders are clearly marked out at the start; Jack and Ralph. Jack has a fierce desire to lead and control. From the start of the book he challenges Ralph’s leadership and is obsessed with power. At the start he controls the ‘wearily obedient’ choir with military discipline and at the end he rules his tribe of savages with fear and torture. Jack rejects the democratic processes by which rules and decisions are made, and instead imposes his own desires by force. He overcomes and suppresses the civilised restraints which originally prevented him killing the pig and gives up to his violent and bloodthirsty instincts. We are not informed in the book of Jack’s intelligence, as when he gains power, he makes very primitive solutions to the problems on the island because he has lost all sense of rational thought. He resorts to superstitious practices like leaving an offering for the beast, and uses rituals to keep the tribe together and to hide their emotions. Ralph is dependable and responsible. He is basically kind, with ‘a mildness about his mouth and eyes that proclaimed no devil’. His sensitivity can be seen in the way he deals with Jack’s disappointment at losing the leadership vote by giving him charge of the choir. He hopes the society works in a democratic and civilised way and is shocked when things go wrong. He is intelligent, but he often finds making decisions and thinking things through too much for him, and relies on Piggy to help and prompt him. Ralph takes time to notice just how important Piggy is to him being chief, and he grows to value Piggy’s loyalty and common sense. Ralph shows physical courage, such as when he forces himself to climb the mountain and face the beast. Moral courage is shown when he admits his part in Simon’s murder. He struggles to keep believing that humans are fundamentally good. He can’t understand how a boy like him could experience real hatred: ‘But he’s, he’s Jack Merridew!’ In the end he recognises the real evil inside humans; ‘the darkness of a man’s heart’. Ralph represents the values of civilisation and democratic rule, which are eventually defeated by the evil contained within society. However, the two similarities the boys possess are that they are both stronger and a lot bigger than the others, which is the most important reason for them being marked out as obvious leaders at the first meeting. Ralph wins the vote for chief because of his; ‘attractive appearance; and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch.’- even before the boys really know each other they already seem to respect the conch as it unites them in what seems like a orderly meeting with the sound it makes. Because of this it is seen as the tool that creates and resembles civilisation throughout the book Each of them is a leader, but the leadership each shows is based on different principles. Ralph’s liberal style of leadership takes notice of other peoples opinions. He feels the responsibility of his position and also feels its burdens. Jack’s style of leadership is based on domination and fear. He imposes his will on others with no regard for their needs or feelings. He wields power without responsibility, and enjoys having power over other beings, animal or human. The things he cannot dominate he tries to destroy, which is why he hunts Ralph at the end of the book. Jack hides his identity behind his mask and the anonymous title of ‘chief’. Jack uses these things to protect himself from remembering the civilised world, enabling him to perform savage acts with no remorse, which makes him a very strong leader, even if he is unjust and selfish. One of the main symbols of leadership on the island is the conch. This creamy shell that can be blown like a horn represents the democratic system of leadership on the island, as it is Ralph’s tool for organising meetings and controlling the boys. The conch also represents the paternalistic rà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½gime of adult authority that cares for everyone. Throughout the book the reader and the characters identify Piggy with this ideology due to his intelligence and his total faith in democracy. As respect for the conch fades, a sense of order also fades. This continues until the conch is smashed, ending order and civilisation on the island. The evil that is inside human beings is personified in the beast. Many people don’t want look inside themselves and don’t want to recognise this aspect of their nature. They look for something in their surroundings to be the cause or its embodiment. This happens on the island – the boys have lost all sense of home and security, which begins to provoke nightmares. One of the littluns resorts to muttering his name and address as a means of remembering the civilised world – in doing so grasping for security – ‘Percival Wemys Madison, The Vicarage, Harcourt Street†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢.They then begin to think the branches are snakes, which develops into a beast, which rapidly changes form in the boys’ imaginations. When the dead pilot lands on the mountain top this becomes the focal point of their fear. Jack takes advantage of the fear this causes by promising to protect them from the beast, which, once it takes a physical form, leaves no doubts in the minds of the majority of the boys – which makes Jack very powerful and he becomes the new leader on the island. Once Jack is given this authority, he extends his power over his ‘tribe’ by making them fearful and in awe of him as well as the beast. He does this by concealing his civilised identity with a mask of clay paint, changing his name so he is known only as chief, ordering his tribe to perform rituals; ‘ ‘Go on!’ The two savages looked at each other, raised their spears and spoke in time. ‘The Chief has spoken.’ ‘. And making them dance to celebrate the savage act of killing a pig. As order disintegrates on the island, the boys descend to savagery. This is best illustrated by the choir. They begin the novel in smart uniforms promoting their group identity. They then become hunters, and begin to enjoy killing the pigs. Jack then releases his savage instincts by making his mask, and they all follow suit, degenerating into a tribe of savage killers. Every time the group kills, it becomes more of a ritual and less of an actual hunt for food. This continues throughout the novel until the final hunt – which is the hunt for Ralph. This is made even more disturbing when Golding makes Roger sharpen a stick ‘at both ends’. We cannot be sure whether they intend to cut Ralph’s head off and put it on one end of the stick with the other end in the ground, or whether they intend to thrust the stick through his body and cook him over a fire. Either way, this shows just how much the boys have changed – there is no element of civilisation left and the descent to savagery is complete. Order is destroyed on the island because of the natural savagery that is inside human beings. The reader presumes that more prominent figures like Jack and Roger are ‘evil’, but all they are doing is giving in to their instincts. The only reason why Piggy and Ralph can remain civilised is by battling with their instincts, a battle that they lose at times in the book, such as at the time of Simons death. All the boys needed for their instincts take over was an escape from the influences of civilisation. I think Golding is trying to convey how weak civilisation is, as well as showing that all humans have the potential for savage behaviour. The island is a microcosm of the outside world – when the boys set fire to the island at the end, the adults are also setting fire to their world with the atom bomb. Golding has been quoted as saying that ‘anyone who lived through the Second World War and didn’t believe that men produced evil just as bees produced honey must be ignorant or mad’ – he very successfully uses the book as his argument.